Bacterial Endocarditis

What is bacterial endocarditis?

Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart. It occurs when bacteria get into the blood and enter the heart. Bacterial endocarditis is not common in children, but it is a serious infection that can damage the heart. Children born with congenital heart disease have a higher risk for the condition.

What are the signs and symptoms of bacterial endocarditis?

The symptoms of bacterial endocarditis may include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Feeling tired
• Shortness of breath
• Cough
• Decreased appetite
• Muscle aches or pains

What causes bacterial endocarditis?

Bacterial endocarditis occurs when bacteria get into the heart. This can happen during surgery, dental cleanings, and other dental procedures.

What are the risk factors for bacterial endocarditis in children?

While anyone can get bacterial endocarditis, some people have a higher risk. These include children who have:

• A congenital heart disease
• An artificial heart valve
• Had heart surgery
• Had endocarditis before
• A heart transplant
• Rheumatic heart disease
• A weak immune system

Can bacterial endocarditis be prevented?

You can’t always prevent bacterial endocarditis, but you can take steps to help prevent it:

• Teach your child to take care of their teeth and gums.
• Take your child to the dentist for regular checkups and cleanings
• If your child has a heart condition, ask their doctor if they need to take antibiotics before dental and medical procedures
• Make sure your child completes the full course of antibiotics when prescribed for infections

How is bacterial endocarditis treated?

Children with bacterial endocarditis need to be treated with IV antibiotics in the hospital. Most children will need to continue taking antibiotics at home. Some children may need heart surgery to repair damage to the heart.

Nationally ranked in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, the Arkansas Children's Heart Institute offers world-class expertise and state-of-the-art technology to infants, children, adolescents and young adults. Your pediatric cardiology team at Arkansas Children’s is experienced in treating bacterial endocarditis and will work with you to determine the best course of treatment for your child.